Physical Review Fluids

Author(s): Sandip Dighe, Hrishikesh Gadgil, and Tadd Truscott

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.20…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110501] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Kari Perry and Sarah Morris

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton Van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.20…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110502] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Adrián Antón-Álvarez and Adrián Lozano-Durán

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.20…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110503] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Karoline-Marie Bornemann and Dominik Obrist

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110504] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Jerric R. Delfin, Nozomu Hashimoto, and Osamu Fujita

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110505] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Simone Di Giorgio, Alessandro Iafrati, Sergio Pirozzoli, Francesco Zonta, and Alfredo Soldati

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2024…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110506] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Jian H. Guan, Saiful I. Tamim, Connor W. Magoon, Howard A. Stone, and Pedro J. Sáenz

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110507] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Pim J. Dekker, Christian Diddens, and Detlef Lohse

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2024…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110508] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Marcus Lin, Fauzia Wardani, and Dan Daniel

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2024…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110509] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Umang N. Patel, Jonathan P. Rothstein, and Yahya Modarres-Sadeghi

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/AP…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110510] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): L. Kahouadji, M. Shams, D. Panda, A. M. Abdal, S. Shin, J. Chergui, D. Juric, and O. K. Matar

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2024 American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics (DFD) Gallery of Fluid Motion Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available online at the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/AP…

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 110511] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Ilya Kolesnichenko and Vladimir Ozernykh

This study examines the parameter region in which a solitary rotating vortex can form in an axial liquid metal flow. For different ratios of azimuthal and axial flow intensities, the flow pattern changes significantly. At high intensity of the axial flow the second vortex is completely suppressed by the first vortex. The rotating vortex has clear-cut boundaries. In the flow regions before and after the vortex generation, the vorticity is close to zero. After switching off electromagnetic forces, the vortex is carried by the axial flow along the channel.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 113701] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Clara M. Velte and Preben Buchhave

The omission of time as a parameter in the classical triad interaction analysis is shown to produce a much too simplistic picture of turbulence. Including time into the analysis shows that not only the spatial wave overlap contributes to energy exchanges between wavenumbers, but the temporal overlap is equally important. The phase match condition is thus broadened to also include temporal frequencies. This can explain much of so-called nonequilibrium turbulence. Not least fractal grid generated turbulence, which is a prime example of these effects. Part II investigates the effects on triadic analysis of practical signals with finite temporal and spatial domains and resolutions.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114612] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Preben Buchhave and Clara M. Velte

The inclusion of time as a parameter omitted in the classical triad interaction analysis was introduced in the companion paper Part I. The present work illustrates the effects of practical sampling on the resulting triad interactions. Practical sampling effects include both temporal and spatial digitization (sampling) as well as finite temporal and spatial domains. These effects are seen to broaden the interaction peaks beyond the classically expected delta-functions and the finite domains contribute to a more complex interaction evolution for domains sufficiently small in comparison to the largest scales in the flow under investigation.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114613] Published Thu Nov 20, 2025

Author(s): Lekha Sharma, Mayank Pathak, Harshit Tiwari, and Mahendra K. Verma

We investigate the influence of Prandtl number (Pr) on turbulent compressible convection by performing extensive numerical simulations in both two- and three-dimensions. We find that the bulk remains adiabatic across all Pr, while the global heat and momentum transport exhibits scalings similar to the incompressible Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC). In contrast, the boundary layers exhibit distinct scalings near the top and bottom boundaries, unlike RBC, accounting the effects of compressibility. The key image shows the flow structures at two different Pr’s.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114611] Published Wed Nov 19, 2025

Author(s): John C. Sentmanat, Peter A. Kottke, and Andrei G. Fedorov

In vacuum nanoelectrospray, a stream of electrically charged nanoliter droplets moving at high speed through a rarefied space at sub-atmospheric pressure. A supersonic gas microjet in crossflow can effectively redirect the nanodroplets to control their destination. The fundamental theory predicts the droplet fate to enable applications such as high-resolution inkjet printing, trust vectoring for precise satellite control, and biochemical imaging using desorption electrospray ionization.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114303] Published Tue Nov 18, 2025

Author(s): Chunlai Wu, Rudie P. J. Kunnen, Ziqi Wang, Xander M. de Wit, Federico Toschi, and Herman J. H. Clercx

We report an experimental technique that fully resolves the three-dimensional angular velocity of magnetic particles, suspended in turbulence and actuated by an oscillating magnetic field, using only single-camera two-dimensional imaging. The particles, smaller than the Taylor microscale of the turbulent flow and less dense than water, are tracked with high accuracy to reveal their magnetically driven rotational dynamics affected by turbulence-induced hydrodynamic torque. This method to measure the rotational dynamics of small particles overcomes a key experimental limitation and the experimental apparatus enables active modulation of turbulence through external magnetic fields.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114903] Published Tue Nov 18, 2025

Author(s): Manikandan Balasubramaniyan, Haiqing Wang, Peijin Liu, Yu Guan, Bo Yin, and Larry K. B. Li

Turbulent premixed bluff-body flames can host both hydrodynamic and self-excited thermoacoustic modes, yet their coupling remains unclear. By fixing the Reynolds number and equivalence ratio while sweeping only the combustor length, we map the route from desynchronization to two-frequency quasiperiodicity and ultimately to 1:2 mutual synchronization, accompanied by strong pressure and heat-release-rate (HRR) oscillations. Spatiotemporal analyses reveal the recirculation zone as the dominant energy-injection site. We also identify two blow-off pathways with clear, local HRR precursors.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 113201] Published Mon Nov 17, 2025

Author(s): Leon Li and R. Jason Hearst

This study examines the effects of freestream turbulence on the wakes of circular and square cylinders, with a particular focus on the streamwise evolution of the wake properties. Four different inflow conditions are created by an active grid and are good approximations of homogeneous, isotropic turbulence, thus enabling us to isolate its effects on the wakes. Contiguous high resolution PIV data is gathered up to 1 m downstream of the cylinders. The results reveal that increasing turbulence intensity promotes early transition to self-similarity of the wake velocity deficit, and the earlier breakdown of coherent structures, leading to a reduced average number of vortices in the wake.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114610] Published Mon Nov 17, 2025

Author(s): Dana L. O.-L. Lavacot, Jessie Liu, Brandon E. Morgan, and Ali Mani

The Macroscopic Forcing Method (MFM) is a numerical tool for determining closure operators, including turbulent closures, through forced numerical simulations. In this work, we outline and demonstrate the recommended MFM procedure to avoid slow statistical convergence of MFM measurements as well as maintain consistent boundary condition treatment. We apply the method to quantify eddy diffusivity moments in two-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability to improve statistical convergence for analysis.

[Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 114904] Published Mon Nov 17, 2025